Browsing by Author "David Ruales, Carlos Arturo"
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Item Aceite de Clavo (Eugenol®) como Anestésico en la Especie Panaque Cochliodon-Steindachner, 1879 (Cucha de Ojos Azules).(Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Editorial Lasallista, 2022) David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Guerra Jiménez, Manuel Oswaldo; Cano Gil, Juan David; Betancur González, Eliana MarcelaLa cucha de ojos azules (Panaque cochliodon) es una especie endémica de la cuenca del Cauca y el Magdalena. Sin embargo, no se tiene mucha información sobre esta especie, incluida la ausencia de un protocolo de sedación adecuado para el trabajo en cautiverio con esta especie. Objetivo: estandarizar un protocolo de sedación del P. cochliodon. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones del sedante Eugenol que iban desde 20 a 40 mg/L; se adoptaron 4 tipos de sedación y 5 tipos de recuperación, encontrando así los grados de sedación adecuados para los diferentes procedimientos de manejo en confinamiento que se realizaron con esta especie. Resultados: todos los ejemplares alcanzaron la sedación tipo 4 y la recuperación tipo 5 sin mortalidad. Significativamente la concentración a la cual los ejemplares demoraron más tiempo en alcanzar la sedación tipo 4 y recuperación tipo 5 fue la de 20 mg/L, las demás concentraciones no presentaron diferencias entre sí, pero indican una tendencia inversa con respecto a la concentración y el tiempo. Conclusiones: todas las concentraciones evaluadas son seguras para el manejo de P. cochliodon de 314±11,6 gr, no se presentó mortalidad; las concentraciones de 30 a 35 mg/L, ofrecen 2,6 minutos de trabajo, sin efectos deletéreos aparentes sobre la especie.Item Bienestar en peces y aspectos reglamentarios en Colombia para la explotación de especies ícticas con fines experimentales y comerciales(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2014-10-20) David Ruales, Carlos ArturoThe history of the debate about the moral status of animals is an old problem that has been with us for many centuries, even before the modern age. This debate, which has philosophical and basic science elements, has been based on several statements that range from assuring that animals are totally insensitive to saying they are sensitive. Such sensitivity is understood as the animal´s capacity to feel in a way analog to that of a human being (Lawrence, 2008). Probably moral philosophy, with its systematic view of behavior (bad or good deeds), has influenced the attitudes towards animals (Rawls, 2000). In fact, Hume said that there is no doubt of the fact that animals can feel, but they do so in a way that is imperfect in comparison to that of humans (Hume, 1987). Darwin (1871-1872) described how animals are capable to express pain and pleasure, misery and joy, fear, wrath and affection, within the evolution process between humans and other animals. But what can be considered as animal wellbeing? Are there rules for fish wellbeing? Can it be stated that fish can feel? How is Colombia within this context? And what rules are there to manage wild species for experimentation or exploitation purposes? This paper aims to provide, through a bibliographical revision, information about the current situation by using animal wellbeing and the current initiatives on the issue as a framework.Item Centro de producción de peces ornamentales(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Cardona Cadavid, Sebastián; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoItem Comparación de Parámetros zootécnicos y de calidad de agua de tres sistemas de precría de tilapia roja (Oreochromis spp.) en el Municipio de Puerto Triunfo.(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2014) Carvajal Echeverri, Juan Pablo; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoItem Creación de empresa Granja Piscícola La Samuela(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2018) Carvajal Ramírez, Manuela; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoImplementación de la empresa Granja Piscícola La Samuela, dedicada a la cría, engorde, procesamiento y transformación de trucha arcoíris variedad dorada mediante el uso de un sistema de recirculación acuícola, basada en la aplicación de buenas prácticas acuícolas con el fin de ofrecer un producto de excelente calidad que satisfaga la demanda regional, localizada en el municipio de El Retiro, Antioquia, Colombia a 2,500 m.s.n.m. Proyecto de inversión elaborado por Manuela Carvajal Ramírez, para optar por el título de Zootecnista en la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, quien presenta ya experiencia en el cultivo de trucha arcoíris común y dorada en sistemas netamente tradicionales, además de contar con un conocimiento técnico completo que le permite el desarrollo y buen funcionamiento del proyecto empresarial. Ésta cumplirá funciones de socio gestor y de capital, con un aporte del 11%, además de estar vinculada laboralmente a la empresaItem Desarrollo Embrionario del Capaz Pimelodus grosskopfii (Steindachner, 1879)(2014-04-03) Valbuena Villarreal, Rubén D; Zapata Berruecos, Beatriz E; David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Cruz Casallas, Pablo EmilioItem Desarrollo Embrionario del Capaz Pimelodus grosskopfii (Steindachner, 1879)(2012) Valbuena Villarreal, Rubén D.; Zapata Berruecos, Beatriz E.; David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Cruz Casallas, Pablo EmilioThe knowledge of embryonic development in fish is important in native species with potential for fish farming, by virtue of which it makes possible to identify morphological and chronological events to establish management practices during incubation periods and larviculture. The capaz (Pimelodus grosskopfii) is a species with potential for commercial crop, due to their omnivorous eating habits and acceptance of its meat in the market. To study the embryonic development of the species, sexually mature adult specimens were induced to reproduce with carp pituitary extract (5.75 and 4.0 mgKg-1, females and males, respectively). The inseminated oocytes were incubated in an upward flow system 30 a 27 ± 1 ° C. The samples (n = 30) were collected at the same time of the extrusion, during fertilization, and every 15 minutes starting from 0 to 2 hours post fertilization (HPF) and every 30 minutes from 0 to 2 HPF, and every 30 minutes from 2 to 5 HPF; finally, between 5 HPF and hatching every 60 minutes. The fertilized oocytes had a spherical shape without adhesions and large perivitelline space. Embryonic development took 12 HPF. The differentiation in animal and vegetal pole occurred at 0.2 HPF, the first cleavage at 0.3 HPF, stratified and high blastodisc at 1.8 HPF, flattened blastodisc at 3.3 HPF, the epiboly <50% was observed at 4 HPF, the closure of the blastopore at 5.7 HPF, cranial-caudal differentiation and starting the neurolation at 7 HPF, the differentiation of the optic vesicles, otic and Kupffer's vesicle at 8.5 HPF, tail of the vitelum was released at 10 HPF, first movements were observed at 10.5 and finally hatching occurred at 12 HPF. When the larvae hatched, they showed a total length of 2987±67 µm, without depigmentation, rudimentary digestive system without oral and anal opening and the presence of chromatophores on the yolk sac.Item Desarrollo temprano en larvas de peces, clave para el inicio de la alimentación exógena(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2018) David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Machado Fracalossi, Débora; Vásquez Torres, WalterA classification of fish larvae considers two types, altricial and precocial; associated with early development in relation to the amount of yolk available in the vitellinic sac. The main objective of the larval stage is to obtain nutrients for their ontogenesis; for their understanding morphological studies, associated with enzymatic responses, must be carried out. Given that the larviculture is the bottleneck of production systems in aquaculture is intended to address this revision in order to understand the relationships between the environment and the changes occurring in the transformation of larvae to juveniles, in order to ensure success in the most complex phase in the life of the fish.Item Diversidad del Perifiton presente en un sistema de producción de tilapia en Biofloc(2016) Betancur González, Eliana Marcela; David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Gutiérrez, Luz AdrianaIntroduction. Periphyton is comprised of a complex community of aquatic organisms that get attached to underwater substrates, is a crucial component of the aquatic biotic communities and contributes to the understanding of these ecosystems. Some variations in the biofloc´s quality in raw protein and polyunsaturatted fatty acids levels terms can DOI: 10.22507/rli.v13n2a15 be conditioned mainly by periphyton´s structure. Objective. Determine the composition, abundance and diversity rates of periphyton in the different treatments for cultivating tilapia fish in biofloc. Materials and methods. Five samples of a tilapia fish culture in biofloc, associated to three treatments with their respective controls during a six months period, were taken. An inverted microscope with a camera was used to mount and count the sample (Sedgwick- Rafter camera). To determine and compose the assembly, taxonomic keys were used, and the species´ diversity, dominance, richness and equity rates were estimated. To calculate the diversity rate and the grouping scheme, the Biodiversity-Professional (Version 2) and PAST (Version 2.17c) softwares were used. Results. The assembly was comprised of 15 taxa. Eurotatoria was the most representative in taxa richness terms. The most abundant species was Crucigenia fenestrata. The sampling developed in different months of the year showed differences concerning the population density and the number of taxa found. The diversity rates oscilated between 0,3428 bel nat/ind and 0,7357 bel nat/ind. For the equity, values close or above 1 were found, and values under 0, 8 were also found as treatment 2 and the taxa richness showed a regularity between treatments. Conclusion. Periphytic microalgae represent one of the communities with the highest space variability in terms of biomass and composition, but none of the species maintain a considerable size of its population throughout the year, partly because of the disturbances in the treatments, which make them change their structure.Item Efecto de la densidad de siembra sobre la larvicultura de guabina (rhamdia sebae c.f.) en sistema de recirculación.(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2011-06-01) David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Castañeda Álvarez, Germán David; Cruz Segura, Claudia Isabel; Lenis Sucerquia, Gustavo Adolfo; Castro Rojas, Juan David; Álvarez Vanegas, Miguel Augusto; Lidueña Arrieta, Neithan; Martínez Morales, Ever SegundoAbstract: Introduction. Larviculture phase is the most important stage in a fry production system. Most of native fish species have altricial larvae, which are known for their low development, and which require optimal conditions. Recirculation systems are a technological tool that is environmentally friendly and allows productivity and profitability increases in larviculture. Objective. To evaluate three containment densities and their effects on Rhamdia sebae larvae´s growth and survival in a re- circulation system. Materials and methods. “Guabina” (Rhamdia sebae) larvae with a posthatching period of 36 hours were used. They were seeded in three densities, 25, 50 and 75 larvae L-1 (T1, T2 y T3 respectively) in triplicate, in 80 litters containers, in a recirculation system. In the different treatments, the animals were fed for the first time and during a 17 days period with Artemia salina nauplii and concentrated food with a 35 % of brute protein. Results. At the end of the experiment, the results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) between the treatments concerning the weight gain and the survival. The best performance was that of T1 (21.72 ± 5.57 mg and 73.08 ± 14.51%, respectively), also including, for this treatment, the best specific growth rate (6,32%), followed by T2 (13 ± 5,14 mg and 44.33 ± 12.04%) and T3 (8.12 ± 3.38 mg and 38.92 ± 11.84%). Conclusion. The best seeding density in this kind of system was 25 L-1 larvae.Item Efecto del ensilaje de thitonia diversifolia sobre la composición láctea en hembras ovinas y su relación con el estatus nutricional(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Bedoya Mejía, Oswaldo; Posada Arias, Silvia; Millán Cardona, Leonidas de Jesús; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoIn recent years there has been a significant growth in the sheep sector through the work of many producers who decided to present their products in the agricultural market. There are few studies about the influence of diet on the quality parameters of milk sheep in Colombia. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the diet received by the sheep on the compositional quality of milk. Materials and methods. For testing 12 ewes F1Santa Ines x Camura first birth, which were randomized into two homogeneous groups were used: T1 without silage and T2 with silage. Milk samples were taken every 15 days for a period of two months and were evaluated using Ekomilk® equipment for the determination of protein, fat, lactose and solids. Results. The findings of this study indicate statistically significant differences for the lipid component, but do not indicate differences for other dairy components. However, it can be seen an increase in the percentage of protein for animals receiving silage. Conclusions. With this work the direct effect of diet on the compositional quality of milk, especially on lipid tenor was evidence. Furthermore it is shown that the use of silage for feeding ewes is an excellent alternative to ensure an adequate supply of forage and avoid nutritional imbalances.Item Efecto del ensilaje de thitonia diversifolia sobre la composición láctea en hembras ovinas y su relación con el estatus nutricional(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Bedoya Mejía, Oswaldo; Posada Arias, Silvia; Millán Cardona, Leonidas de Jesús; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoIntroduction. In recent years there has been a significant growth in the sheep sector through the work of many producers who decided to present their products in the agricultural market. There are few studies about the influence of diet on the quality parameters of milk sheep in Colombia. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the diet received by the sheep on the compositional quality of milk. Materials and methods. For testing 12 ewes F1Santa Ines x Camura first birth, which were randomized into two homogeneous groups were used: T1 without silage and T2 with silage. Milk samples were taken every 15 days for a period of two months and were evaluated using Ekomilk® equipment for the determination of protein, fat, lactose and solids. Results. The findings of this study indicate statistically significant differences for the lipid component, but do not indicate differences for other dairy components. However, it can be seen an increase in the percentage of protein for animals receiving silage. Conclusions. With this work the direct effect of diet on the compositional quality of milk, especially on lipid tenor was evidence. Furthermore it is shown that the use of silage for feeding ewes is an excellent alternative to ensure an adequate supply of forage and avoid nutritional imbalances.Item Estado actual de la piscicultura en el municipio del Atrato-Yuto, Chocó; perspectivas para un agronegocio rentable y sostenible.(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2019) Terán Mosquera, Leidy Virginia; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoPor etimología, la definición de acuicultura dada por el Diccionario de la Lengua Española escribe: ¨Técnica del cultivo de especies acuáticas vegetales y animales¨. La FAO (2003), ofrece una descripción amplia del mismo: “Cría de organismos acuáticos, comprendidos peces, moluscos, crustáceos y plantas. La cría supone la intervención humana para incrementar la producción”. La actividad acuícola en la actualidad es uno de los renglones pecuarios que más crecimiento ha tenido durante los últimos decenios en el mundo, muchos factores han influido sobre este desarrollo, entre ellos la disminución de la pesca de captura, por la sobreexplotación, la contaminación e incluso cambio climático global; es así como el informe del Estado Mundial de la Pesca y la Acuicultura del 2018 FAO-SOFIA (2018), indica un crecimiento promedio anual del 8,8% desde 1980; producción que se destina casi en su totalidad para el consumo humano; en cifras esto equivale a 171 millones de toneladas para el 2016, de las cuales el 47% corresponden a la acuicultura; con relación al consumo, el promedio anual pasó de un 3,2% en 1961 a un 18% en el 2016 para América Latina (FAO, 2018). En Colombia la producción piscícola continental es el principal renglón en relación a las estadísticas acuícolas y su porcentaje de crecimiento ha sido del 9,01% durante la última década (MADR, 2017). Según el DANE (2014) el Chocó cuenta con 792 UPA (unidades productivas agropecuarias con presencia acuícola), pero estas no presentan una participación productiva. A demás de esto, la minería ha generado contaminación hídrica por sólidos suspendidos, mercurio y cianuro; deforestación de los suelos, sedimentación de los cauces y destrucción de la flora y fauna (entre ellos la muerte y contaminación de miles de peces), dejando a sus pobladores sin una de sus principales actividades económicas, como es la pesca y sin una alimentación sana. La mejor forma de apoyar y fortalecer el área productiva es creando proyectos de desarrollo regional, para mitigar impactos causados por el mal uso minero y se hace de vital importancia hacer una caracterización que ofrezca el marco de referencia del estado productivo de la piscicultura, el cual puede ofrecer herramientas que permitan su desarrollo como una actividad rentable y sostenible.Item Evaluación ambiental de actividades agropecuarias de pequeños productores en el municipio de Angelópolis (Antioquia, Colombia)(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2014-10-22) Álvarez Hincapié, Carlos Federico; Gilchrist Ramelli, Elizabeth; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoIntroduction. The subregion of Southwestern Antioquia has an heterogeneous structure of production, with four major production areas: coffee, coal, livestock and diversified production. However, it has not recognized the environmental impact that can perform these activities in the locality. Objective. An environmental assessment carried on agricultural systems (agriculture and pisciculture) of Angelópolis Township. Materials and methods. It was conducted through field observation and interviews with small producers of avocado, sugarcane, coffee, citrus, plantain and trout. Results. Are evident environmental problems associated with production including possible contamination with sewage, the lack of reforestation (renewal of native vegetation cover) and the improper disposal of waste and packaging of chemicals. Additionally, is remarkable the little interaction with the environmental authority and the lack of association in some production systems, aspects that could benefit the conservation of resources such as biodiversity, soils and water.Item Evaluación de la contaminación por metilmercurio en la especie Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (bagre rayado) del área de pesca comprendida entre el corregimiento Bijagüal y la zona urbana de Nechí y los humedales El sapo y Bijagüal del río Nechí; factor de riesgo químico que afecta la calidad de la especie(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Caballero Pereira, Carlos José; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoEn este estudio se determinó la concentración de metilmercurio en el tejido muscular y piel dorsal de la especie Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (bagre rayado) en un área de pesca del río Nechí. Las muestras fueron analizadas por espectroscopia de absorción atómica, luego de la digestión ácida de las mismas. Los niveles promedios total de metilmercurio más altos se observaron en el músculo, con una concentración de 1582,9379±1093 µg MeHg/kg de peso fresco, mientras que en la piel fueron de 981,49±280,3 µg MeHg/kg de peso fresco. En los dos tejidos las concentraciones más altas se dieron durante el verano sin diferencia significativa. En todos los casos, los niveles promedios encontrados excedieron el valor recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para el consumo humano de pescado (0,5 mgHg/kg de peso fresco).Item Larvicultura de peces comerciales en sistemas de recirculación(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2011-06-03) David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Castañeda Álvarez, Germán DavidAbstract: Success in fish farming, and in general for aquaculture production, depends essentially on the farmer’s comprehension of the production systems used and the development stages of each species. It can be said that the larviculture stage is the most important one in a fry production system and, evidently, every advance that can be made in order to understand it is developed simultaneously with technologies that become more and more sophisticated, and must be well understood before starting the farming activities. The evolutionof productive systems in aquaculture tends to make production more intensive and be, at the same time, environmentally friendly. Recirculation systems in aquaculture provide a constant culture medium that can be monitored, with few variations. The systems are established to control the different parameters of water quality, such as temperature, oxygen, nitrogen and pathogens. They contribute to a more intensive, reliable, clean and more profitable production. This revision aims to look at the most important characteristics that affect larviculture in fish and to see how recirculation systems offer an excellent alternative in fry production.Item Relación entre factores dimensionales y de composición en la determinación de la calidad del huevo en tilapia roja (Oreochromis spp)(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2013-09-24) Valbuena Villarreal, Rubén Darío; Rosado Puccini, Rafael; David Ruales, Carlos ArturoIntroduction. The quality of eggs is an inclusive and necessary module for fish cultivation, and its applicability has been demonstrated in species of production interest. Objective. As an strategy to improve the production standards for red tilapia, this research work aimed to determine the existence of functional relationships between the egg´s structure under dimension and composition terms, and the quality results defined in terms of survival during the first stages. Materials and methods. A follow up process was performed on the spawnings of 50 females and, for each one and her corresponding oviposition, records of 15 morphometric and dimensional variables were taken, respectively, and complemented with 11 variables more, associated to the egg´s composition. The efficiency of the production process was determined departing from survival, which was registered through three efficiency rates (IEINC: incubation; IELARV: larvae culture and IETOTAL, which gathers the first two). The analysis of the data was performed based on significant correlations (α=0.05), determined between the pairs of variables and between these and the indexes. When it was pertinent, descriptive models were determined via simple and multiple linear regressions. Results. No significant relationship was established in the efficiency between the incubation and larviculture stages. Linear equations were obtained, thus explaining IEINC through the volume of the oviposition and the IELARV through the density of the egg, although the determination coefficients were low in the models defined. The significant linear relationships, which with a major adjustment explain the indexes, included the content of saturated fat acids in particular. Conclusions. Despite the fact the models calculated were significant, their practical usefulness is limited because the low prediction capability provided by the reduced determination coefficients defined. The total efficiency of the process depends, mainly, on the results that appear during the incubation, because there was no relationship between the survival during the incubation and larvae culture stages in the production of fingerlings of this species.Item Reproducción inducida de la sabaleta Brycon henni: revisión bibliográfica(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-08-24) Lenis Sucerquia, Gustavo Adolfo; Cruz Casallas, Pablo Emilio; David Ruales, Carlos Arturo“Sabaleta” fish, Brycon henni, is an endemic species from the mountain zones of Colombia, which adapts itself well to temperate and warm waters. Given its cultural importance in the life zones associated to its presence, several aspects of its biology, its ecology and confined reproduction have been being developed. Despite the fact this species is considered as promising for continental aquaculture, the research works about its induced reproduction reported until 2009 have not achieved satisfactory results. The most recent tests of reproduction in captivity are expected to contribute to the development of this species ´ cultivation.Item Silo de vísceras de trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) como suplemento en alimentación de ovinos(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Editorial Lasallista., 2018) David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Bedoya Mejía, Oswaldo; Cardona, Leónidas MillánIntroduction. One of the impacts of aquaculture on the environment is the production of waste (guts, skin, scales, etc.), building silo from guts can be avalid environmental option and can be used to feed other animals. Objective. The project evaluated the effect of fish viscera silage in fattening sheep. Materials and methods. 20 sheep were evaluated in two random groups, with initial average weight of 17± 2kg for a period of 5 months. They were fed on fresh Maralfalfa (Pennisetum spp) and buttercup (Tithonia diversifolia), fresh, and one group additionally received silage at a rate of 3.5% of the total diet. The animals were weighed monthly to identify weight gain. Results. The silo showed for Microbiology UFC zero, the bromatologics analysis indicates PB of 39.88%; E.E.16.8% and 5% ash; the pH was 3,5 Sex, time and silage show significant differences (p <0.05) on the weight. The interactions were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion. Preliminary results indicate that silage can be used for feeding sheep, further research is sugested to determine digestibility and other levels of inclusion.Item Transporte iónico en el epitelio branquial de peces de agua dulce(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2010) David Ruales, Carlos Arturo; Vásquez Torres, WalterAbstract Introduction. The gills are, for the fish, the most important organ for the transportation and regulation of ionic and osmotic gradients, and for the balance acid-base, the excretion of nitrogen wastes and the metabolism of circulating hormones, becoming the center of the physiological responses to internal and environmental changes. Objective. To make a document to register the structure, the vascularization and the main cells of this ephitelium, and its relation with ionic transportation for maintaining its homeostasis, in order to sustain the role of the ionic regulation in the homeostasis of fish, keeping in mind that these physiological mechanisms can be a reason to fail or to succeed in the fish breeding activities. Selection criteria for the bibliography. Classic authors on the fish physiology field were revised, plus many articles produced from research works and revisions from the last ten years. These materials were published especially in English and Portuguese. Results. There is an unexplored field concerning the mechanisms that maintain the homeostasis in fish. The work for our species is yet to be done. The new molecular tools could help to elucidate the contributions of many membrane transportation processes to the acid-base balance regulation, to the ionic transportation and to the excretion of metabolites associated with these processes. Challenges. To integrate different disciplines in order to obtain a clear image of how gills work and how the processes mentioned before determine the well being of fish.