Journal of Agriculture and Animal Sciences
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Item Asociaciones de productores agrarios y comercialización de sus productos en el oriente antioqueño(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Acevedo González, Gabriel AntonioIntroduction. For peasants, consultants, institutions and government, it is clear that small producers have scarce probability of success when they try to sell their products individually in the market, so they have to be associated. Objective. Was to characterize the associations of agricultural producers in the eastern region of Antioquia and analyze the marketing impact. Material and methods. Associations of agricultural producers where evaluated in 16 towns of the eastern region of Antioquia, with the support of UMATAs and Agricultural and Environmental Secretaries. Results and conclusions. Was found that in the studied zone there sparse associations with a commercial project and with low quantities of sales. Therefore, those associations are not financially sustainable. Additionally, the causes of the limited associative development were known, especially with marketing goals. Moreover, factors of success and failure of the associations were identified; this information will give guidelines for future associative ventures. Results suggest creating an associative marketing system, inclusive, with regional scope and high volume operations, that make it sustainableItem Histochemistry distribution of mucins and number of leucocytes in the lungs of postweaning pigs exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Muñoz, Julián David; Rodríguez, B.; Ramirez, M.C.; López Rubio, Andrés; Parra Suescún, Jaime EduardoIntroduction. Currently, little is known about the effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from E. coli on the number of goblet cells and the type of mucins secreted in the airways ofpiglets. Likewise, the differential distribution of these mucins and their relationship with the development of respiratory infections in the post-weaning period is not well understood. this information is useful to porcine production for the development of preventive and sanitary management strategies. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the oral intake of E.coli LPS on the mucins distribution and the number of leukocytes in the lungs of early weaned piglets. Methods. 52 piglets weaned at 21 days were used. Animals were fed a basal diet with four levels of LPS (0.0, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0µg /mg feed) for 10 days.Pigs were sequentially slaughtered on days 1, 5, 7, and 10 after weaning. Lung samples were taken for histochemical stainings (H-E, Alcian blue pH 1.0, 2.5, and PAS) in order to determine the amount and type of leukocytes as well as the number of goblet cells and their type of mucins produced. Mucins were classified according to their dyeing characteristicsas: acidic sulfated, non-sulfated, and neutral, all by computerized image analysis.The statistical design used was a randomized blocks in a 4x4 factorial arrangement (four experimental diets and four days post-weaning). Results and discussion.Results showed a decrease in the number of goblet cells and neutral mucins in both bronchi and bronchioles in the control piglets, followed by a recovery inday 10 post-weaning. In groups with LPS such recovery was inhibited. In all study groups acidic mucins increased in bronchi on day five. There were no acidic mucins in their bronchioles. Moreover, the treatment with the higher concentration of LPS caused a decrease in the number of neutrophils on day 10 and had no effects on the amount of other leukocytes.Conclusions. LPS affects the recovery of goblet cells in the lung airway epithelium and decreases the number of neutrophils altering the innate immunity in early weaning. Consequently, it may facilitate the entry of pathogens and an allergen sensitization.Item Evaluación del estado actual de zarigüeyas (Didelphismarsupialis) en tres zonas del Valle de Aburrá(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Cabrera Jaramillo, Azucena; Galeano Román, Andrea; Mazabel Riera, Elsa Cristina; Quintana Diosa, Lizeth Elena; Monsalve Buriticá, SantiagoObjective. Opossum populations (Didelphismarsupialis) were characterized in an ecotourism area in Santa Elena, district of the city of Medellín and in the periurban and urban areas of the city of Caldas, Antioquia; using phototraps. Materials and methods. 7 Moultrie Game Spy® cameras were placed to determine relative abundance index (RAI) and rotated every three weeks. Baits were used to make observation easier. Results. For the Santa Elena district the sampling effort was 360 days / trap, in which 22 photographs of the species were obtained. Didelphismarsupialis had a total RAI of 0.18; of which 0.06 represented its abundance in the native forest and the remaining value was part of the area with pine trees. For the peri urban zone of the city of Caldas the sampling effort was 679 days / trap. The species Didelphismarsupialis had a total RAI of 0.4; which represents an approximate number of 26 individuals at the Santa Inés practice center. In the urban area of the city of Caldas it was not possible to establish this pattern. Conclusion. The study indicates that despite the transformation of the peri urban area in the Aburrá Valley it is possible to find elements representative of its peri urban mammals, even in small private reserves. The Didelphidae family has adapted to highly modified ecosystems, even in areas with invasive species such as exotic monocultures of exotic species, livestock pastures and anthropic transformation given by the fragmentation of forests, however these marsupials are forced to migrate locally to changes in the microclimate of forest fragments.Item Caracterización del producto artesanal Casabito(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Álvarez Badel, Beatriz Elena; Cordero Rivero, Adiela Beatriz; Becerra Ossa, Jhennys PaolaIntroduction. El Casabito is a handmade food product elaborated in the municipality of Ciénaga de Oro, department of Cordoba,under non-standardized and low durability processes. It represents an important line in the local economy and culture. Objective. Characterize Casabito Physicochemically, microbiological and bromatologically and identify its elaboration process. Methodology. Producing families of Casabe and Casabito were identified through surveys; the product elaboration was registered since the beginning of the process, reception of raw material, its transformation, packaging, conservation methods and marketing routes. Three random producers were selected for the psychochemical, microbiological and bromatological characterization of Casabito, according to the AOAC 966.23, AOAC 966.21, AOAC 980.31, NTC 4519, and NTC 4132 techniques. Results. 9 artisanal producer families of Casabe and Casabito were found. Casabito has intermediate dampness values, high carbohydrate content and low pH, high microbial counts of mildews and yeasts, as well as aerobes and mesophylls. Conclusion. The handmade food Casabito is a product rich in nutrients; It has low production cost and can be elaborated following an hygienic and standardized process without losing its sensorial attributes and fulfilling legal regulations.Item Tópicos en mastitis bovina: desde la etiología hasta algunas terapias alternativas(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Acosta Moreno, Alejandro; Mira Hernández, Juliana; Posada Arias, SilviaBovine mastitis is one of the costliest diseases for milk producers globally. It presents various etiologies of which infection by bacterial agents stands out. Antimicrobial treatments bring about economic losses due to milk disposal periodsand medication costs. They also generate antibiotic resistance problems which constitute a public health issue worldwide. To face this situation studies have been conducted on alternative treatments for bovine mastitis. This bibliographic review deals with mastitis from etiology to epidemiology to diagnostics methods employed for the disease, as well as some pharmacological products that have been used over the years for its treatment. Finally, some useful alternative principles for mastitis are reviewed, which have been found when studying the antimicrobial characteristics in them. These characteristics should be considered as options for future therapeutic plans.Item Evaluación de la estimulación ovárica y la calidad de oocitos bovinos obtenidos por aspiración folicular(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Giraldo Giraldo, John Jairo; Ordoñez Ramirez, Sebastián; Gómez Oquendo, Jorge; Restrepo Betancur, GiovanniIntroduction. Ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration (UGFA) coupled with the in-vitro production of embryos is an important alternative for the use of genetic resources of bovine females of high productive potential. However, the reduced quality of oocytes recovered with this technique is one of the aspects with the highest impact on the efficiency to obtain embryos. Materials and methods. This research compared follicular development with the quality of oocytes recovered by UGFA, in bovine females conventionally over-stimulated with FSH or FSH and hCG. Results. A higher quality of oocytes recovered from animals stimulated with FSH and hCG was seen compared to the ones stimulated with FSH only. Conclusions. Inclusion of Hcg in a scheme for the ovarian over-stimulation with FSH of bovine females subject to follicular aspiration becomes a favorable effect on the quality of recovered oocytes.Item Prevalencia de Giardia duodenalis en un albergue canino, Caldas, Antioquia (2015)(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Cabrera, Gloria Azucena; Molina Díaz, Víctor ManuelObjective. To determine the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in a dog shelter in Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia, and its implications on the health status of the dogs. Materials and methods. 88 dogs were subjected to a full stool test and, subsequently, their health status was assessed by means of a complete clinical examination and a full blood count. Patients were classified in terms of sex, approximate age, racial status, dental registration and physical condition in a 1-5 scale. Also, the stool was evaluated in terms of appearance, color, presence of mucus, fat, vegetable fibers, bacteria and leukocytes, with a standard crosses scale between 0 and 3. Results. The prevalence was 54.54%. 27 females and 21 males were positive, with a rate of infection of 50% and 61.76%, respectively. The average age was 5 years and 99% of them were half blood. There was no association between the presence of the parasite and variables such as fat, starch and vegetable fiber with p <0.05, and same happened concerning the relationship with the full blood count. The protozoan found represents a risk for animal and human health. Conclusion. The study of the dynamics in the transmission of G. duodenalis, based on molecular epidemiology and its association with spotlights or sources of infection, routes of transmission, clinical signs and predisposing factor, is adequate to demonstrate the potential zoonotic impact of giardiasis in canine shelters in Colombia.Item Evaluación de Trichoderma spp como Control Biológico en una Plantación a Pequeña Escala de Cacao(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Rojas, Sharon Acosta; A. Villa, JorgeDisease control in several crops is mainly made by using chemical methods, which are expensive and hard to get for small scale producers. The biologic control is an alternative that can be helpfulin terms of expenses and environmental sustainability, as elements from the same crop are used, such as in the case of the cocoa´s shell, which is usually discarded. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the healthy fraction of cobs and its performance after receiving two treatments: a biologic one and another chemically synthetized. Materials and methods. The study was performed in Santo Domingo, Antioquia, Colombia, in a small cocoa crop in which 17 trees in three terains were chosen. A biologic control comprised of a lixiviate with the Trichoderma spp. fungus was sprinkled on the tree (n=6), a chemically syinthetized treament that induced resistance (K3 PO3 ) injected in the tree´s log (n=5) and a control with no application (n=6). After the application, the sick and healthy cobs were counted and the humid weight of the seeds was registered during 2 months in each treatment. Results and conclusions. No significant difference was found in the fractions of the healthy cobs and the performance. Nevertheless, the biologic control had an improvement in comparison to the control, indicating that it can be a potentially alternative at a lower cost for small crops.Item Evaluación de Trichoderma spp como control biológico en una plantación a pequeña escala de cacao(2016) Acosta Rojas, Sharon; Villa, Jorge A.Introduction. Disease control in several crops is mainly made by using chemical methods, which are expensive and hard to get for small scale producers. The biologic control is an alternative that can be helpfulin terms of expenses and environmental sustainability, as elements from the same crop are used, such as in the case of the cocoa´s shell, which is usually discarded. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the healthy fraction of cobs and its performance after receiving two treatments: a biologic one and another chemically synthetized. Materials and methods. The study was performed in Santo Domingo, Antioquia, Colombia, in a small cocoa crop in which 17 trees in three terains were chosen. A biologic control comprised of a lixiviate with the Trichoderma spp. fungus was sprinkled on the tree (n=6), a chemically syinthetized treament that induced resistance (K3 PO3 ) injected in the tree´s log (n=5) and a control with no application (n=6). After the application, the sick and healthy cobs were counted and the humid weight of the seeds was registered during 2 months in each treatment. Results and conclusions. No significant difference was found in the fractions of the healthy cobs and the performance. Nevertheless, the biologic control had an improvement in comparison to the control, indicating that it can be a potentially alternative at a lower cost for small crops.Item Comportamiento de las exportaciones de limón persa (citrus latifolia tanaka) al mercado de los estados unidos(2016) Arias Vargas, Francisco Javier; Suarez, ErnestoIntroduction. This paper aims to analyze the behavior of Persian lemon, also known as Tahiti lemon (Citrus latifolia Tanaka),exports to the United States market, which stands out as the main market worldwide, during 2011-2015. Materials and methods. Multiple databases were used, as well as the compilation of reports applicable to the citrus chain obtained from secondary sources for the three countries analyzed and interviews with experts from Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia. Exports reports were also generated by the subheading 08.05.50 for lemons (citrus limon, citrus limonum) and limes (citrus aurantifolia, citrus latifolia). Then, the results were filtered for Persian lemon “citrus latifolia tanaka”. Results. Persian lemon (Tahiti) is the most popular variety among US consumers, and Mexico is the main supplier with a 98% share of the country’s imports and where countries like Guatemala and Colombia have possibilities to get a higher market share, despite their marginal participation, achieving in all cases a price between four and six times the rural average one in the US market.Item Prevalencia de Giardia Duodenalis en un albergue canino, Caldas, Antioquia (2015)(2016) Cabrera, Gloria Azucena; Molina Díaz, Víctor ManuelObjective. To determine the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in a dog shelter in Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia, and its implications on the health status of the dogs. Materials and methods. 88 dogs were subjected to a full stool test and, subsequently, their health status was assessed by means of a complete clinical examination and a full blood count. Patients were classified in terms of sex, approximate age, racial status, dental registration and physical condition in a 1-5 scale. Also, the stool was evaluated in terms of appearance, color, presence of mucus, fat, vegetable fibers, bacteria and leukocytes, with a standard crosses scale between 0 and 3. Results. The prevalence was 54.54%. 27 females and 21 males were positive, with a rate of infection of 50% and 61.76%, respectively. The average age was 5 years and 99% of them were half blood. There was no association between the presence of the parasite and variables such as fat, starch and vegetable fiber with p <0.05, and same happened concerning the relationship with the full blood count. The protozoan found represents a risk for animal and human health. Conclusion. The study of the dynamics in the transmission of G. duodenalis, based on molecular epidemiology and its association with spotlights or sources of infection, routes of transmission, clinical signs and predisposing factor, is adequate to demonstrate the potential zoonotic impact of giardiasis in canine shelters in Colombia.Item Líquido cefalorraquidiano: função, análise e alterações em doenças neurológicas em cães(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-07) Rodriguez Sánchez, Diego Noé; Martins Amorim, RogérioDomestic canines are the most attended species in daily routine, presenting neurologic signs caused by diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a valuable tool for the approaching to canines with neurological signs. It is important to know more about collection techniques, as well as physicochemical and cytological characteristics, and all the information that can contribute with the diagnostic of neurological diseases.Item Análisis comparativo para la construcción de un estatuto de bioética en la experimentación con animales a partir de las normas actuales(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-07) Garcés Giraldo, Luís FernandoTo build a statute for experiments with animals, it is necessary to analyze the articles on the subject and propose modifications. Along with this, it is necessary to include some elements that are still not in the proposal and that are necessary to build an integral statute, where the necessary technical aspects and some bioethical elements that scientists experimenting with animals must keep in mind. The current regulations are not enough, this is why the three regulations are briefly synthesized and changes, adjustments and elements to include are proposed. The regulations under discussion are: Estatuto Nacional de Protección de los Animales (National Statute for the Protection of Animals, Law 84, 1989); Norma Científico-Técnica para la Investigación en Salud (Scientific-technical Regulation for Research on Health, Resolution 8430, 1993) and Código de Ética para el Ejercicio Profesional de la Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (Ethical Code for the Professional Practice of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnical Sciences, Law 576, 2000).Item La deshidratación como una alternativa en el aprovechamiento de residuos de repollo y lechuga para su utilización en alimentación animal(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-07) Álzate Tamayo, Luz María; Hincapié, Sara; Cardona Salazar, Blanca Lucía; Londoño Londoño, Julián Alberto; Jiménez Cartagena, ClaudioIntroduction. The consumption and commercialization of vegetables has been increasing due to its nutritional value recognition. However its commercialization and processing generates residues representing a public health. Colombia produce 25,079 ton of organic wastes per day, from which 3,713 are generated by Antioquia. Only the “Central Mayorista de Antioquia” produces 12 m3 per day of lettuce and cabbage. For this reason, an alternative to its use is to make a premix for animal alimentation, because are considered an important source of carotenoids as lutein, responsible of part of yolk color. Objective. It was studied the effect of drying process over microstructure, color and water activity of lettuce and cabbage residues to ensure stability in animal feeding. Materials and methods. The residues microstructure was analyzed through scanning electronic microscope (SEM), the color changes by CIELAB coordinates and desorption and moisture losses curves were determined. Results. The microscopic images shown structural changes before and after drying, being bigger to lettuce that has a thin and fragile tissue than cabbage. With regard to the color change, this was more evident in cabbage with a ΔE of 69.95 while lettuce was 12.48. The sorption moisture losses curves matched the theoretical models. Conclusion. The results prove that a premix made of these residues will have stability during storage due to the water activity obtained.Item Las prácticas de gestión del talento humano en empresas agropecuarias del sector bananero en Colombia(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-07) Restrepo Escobar, Francisco; Arias Vargas, Francisco JavierIntroduction. This investigation arose from a main question about the characteristics of the processes of human resource management in agricultural enterprises and their impact on organizational competitiveness. The theoretical framework was based on the following concepts: enterprise, agricultural and livestock business, competitiveness and talent management processes. After the sources were revised, some national and international studies were found, and they covered subjects such as practices of administration and human talent management in agricultural & livestock companies. Topics like selection, hiring, training and compensation of workers are explained in that literature. Objective. Exploring human talent management practices in companies from the Urabá sub region (Colombia). Materials and methods. A transversal research design was used. The sample was built with banana production units from Carepa, Apartadó and Turbo, in Urabá. A structured survey was used and the information was analyzed by contrasting the theoretical aspects and the empirical work in order to establish talent management´s contribution to the organizational strategy. Results and Conclusions. The organizations studied have people responsible for the talent management areas, and their characteristics depend on the sizes of their operations. However, the roles played by those people are mainly of coordination, a position located at an operative level and at the tactical one in few cases. The management systems of the area are executed according to the criteria of managers or owners, and this is at the end a classical-traditional operative model.Item El índice de beneficio emergético (IBE) como indicador de sostenibilidad de las exportaciones del sector agropecuario de un país(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-07) Siche, Raúl; Agostinho, FeniIntroduction. The EmBI is obtained from the relationship of conventional economic value (CEV) between the emergy economic value (EEV). For EEV the emergy approach was used to convert the amounts exported (kg) to emergy values. Emergy, unlike the conventional costbenefit analysis, is a measure of the value of human work plus the work done by nature in the generation of a good or resource. Objective. The aim of this study was to propose an indicator (Emergy Benefit Index - EmBI) to measure the sustainability of exports of the agricultural sector of a country. Materials and methods. To check the validity of the proposed method data of the exports in the agricultural sector of Peru between 1994 and 2014 was taken. Results and conclusions. A reading of this proposed indicator can show that Peruvian agricultural exports was unsustainable only in 2001 and 2002; other years this economic sector is manifested as sustainable, although from 2005 sustainability increases, reaching the year 2014 a EmBI of 1.64. This indicator would measure if an economy receives fair price due to exports (EmBI more than 1) or not (EmBI under 1).Item Hiperparatiroidismo nutricional de origen secundario en 3 yeguas de raza Criollo Colombiano en Antioquia(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-09-03) Jaramillo Morales, Camilo; Zapata Marín, Jhonatan; Agudelo Agudelo, Pablo Arturo; Sánchez Piedrahita, Laura; García Osorio, Alejandro; Aguilar Pérez, Luis CarlosThe nutritional hyperparathyroidism in horses is a metabolic disease associated with a deficiency of dietary calcium and an alteration in the calcium / phosphorus ratio. The current management habits can bring a predispostion to the disease. The most common clinical manifestation is the enlargement and deformation of the facial bones, also including other problems such as lameness (intense, intermittent and changing), torn ligaments or tendons and epiphyseal microfractures. All of these clinical signs occur as a result of an initial hypocalcemia that leads to the activation of the parathyroid hormone, which extracts calcium from the tissue in order to get a normocalcemia. Early diagnosis and proper treatment helps patients recover. The aim of this study was to describe the cases of three “Caballo criollo colombiano” (CCC) mares with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, diagnosed by obtaining fractional excretion of phosphorus > 0.5%, and the clinical symptoms oberved.Item Neosporosis en animales domésticos: una revisión(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-09-03) Blanco Martínez, Rafael David; Gómez León, Victor; Cardona Álvarez, JoséNeosporosis is a parasitary disease that affects dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloe, deer and horses, caused by Neospora caninum, an intracellular protozoan. This parasite can infect wild and domestic canids, the ruminants and the horses. Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and coyotes (Canis latrans) are definitive hosts of the protozoan, and this fact suggests that the agent can infect the cattle´s food with oocysts eliminated by these animals in their feces. The vertical transmission is known as responsible for the perpetuation of the infection within the herd, and this is why chronically infected cows transmit the parasite to the fetus during the gestation as a consequence of the recrudescence of the latent infection, which appears due to the immunosupression caused by the gestation. Abortion is the only clinical sign oberved in adult cows, but living calves with the infection, congenitally transmitted, can be found. They have low weight when they are born and they also show neurological signs, such as ataxia. The most important effect of neospirosis in cattle is the occurrence of abortions, with the economic loses they bring to producers. This is why the identification of the risk factors involved in the infection of cattle with Neospora caninum has important consequences in the development of strategies to control or prevent the disease, especially when there are no treatments or vaccines available.Item Una visión general de la leptospirosis(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-09-03) Pacheco Sánchez, GabrielaLeptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis, considered as one of the most widespread in the world. It has been reported in all continents except Antarctica and there is evidence for the carriage of Leptospira spp. in almost all mammalian species. The disease is caused by pathogenic serovars of Leptospira spp., which are thin spirochetes characterized by the presence of periplasmic flagella. There are over 250 pathogenic serovars described. Transmission is due to direct or indirect contact with urine of carrier animals and to occupational and recreational activities, which involve infected animals or areas. The “gold standard” test for the diagnosis is MAT (microagglutination), which determines the infecting serovar. The best tool for the control of the disease in animals is the immunization, and there are commercial vaccines available for the most important species. In the case of humans, only populations at risk are vaccinated.Item Efectos metabólicos y hormonales post orquiectomía en caninos y felinos(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-09-03) Suárez Ortega, AnaNeutering surgery is a common procedure in veterinary practice, since it controls the animal population and prevents reproduction by the elimination of germ cells and gonadal sex hormones. Testosterone, and androgens in general, have several effects on the organism, as well as on the sexual and not sexual organs. The beneficial effects of orchiectomy in the genital tract are therapeutic and preventive of androgen dependent diseases. There are also adverse effects such as increase of food intake and obesity, which leads to alterations in fat metabolism that generate dyslipidemias and insulin resistance, due to the absence of androgens.
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