Revista Producción + Limpia

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Absorción de Cromo Hexavalente en soluciones acuosas por cascaras de naranja (Citrus sinensis)
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-07-31) Tejada Tovar, Candelaria; Quiñones Bolaños, Edgar; Tejeda Benitez, Lesly; Marimón Bolivar, Wilfredo
Introduction. Chromium can be found in industrial effluents, usually as CR (III) and CR (VI). The latter is very toxic for all of the life forms and is also mutagenic and carcinogenic in humans. The conventional methods to treat effluents with heavy metals, such as reduction, oxidation, ionic exchange, filtering and membrane technologies are expensive and inefficient at low metal concentrations. The use of biomass eliminates the toxicity problem and allows the recovery of the heavy metals retained, plus the possibility of reusing the adsorbent. Objective. Orange peel as a Cr (VI) in aqueous solutions was studied. Materials and methods. The characterization of the functional groups of the peels was performed by means of an elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The determination of the Cr (VI) concentration was made with the diphenylcarbazide method, by the use of a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Results. The agro industrial waste used shows a 66,6 % removal of Cr (VI) in a 120 minutes period. The phenomenon was better described by the Langmuir isotherm, having a 16,66 mg/g adsorption capacity. The kinetics followed the pseudo-second order adsorption behavior. Conclusions. The most favorable conditions for the Cr (VI) ions adsorption on orange peels were those at a 3 pH and an adsorbent size of 0,425mm. It was demonstrated that the peels can be used to remove Cr (VI) from waste water originated by tannery and other industries.
Ácidos grasos del hongo funcional pleurotus ostreatus cultivado en residuos sólidos agroindustriales
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-08-03) Benavides Calvache, Olga Lucía; Cabrera Hidalgo, Érika Viviana; Villota Muñoz, Andrés Ovidio; Perdomo, David Arturo
Introduction. Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible and medicinal mushroom susceptible of cultivation on lignocellulosic agroindustrial residues. The content of total lipids in this type of fungus can be found in the order of 2 % to 6 %, with major unsaturated fatty acids (omega), which together with bio-compounds may exhibit bioactivity on the decrease in the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in humans. Objective. Evaluate the composition of fatty acids in the fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus cultivated on different substrates of agricultural origin. Materials and Methods. The waste employees were coffee pulp, fique bagasse, oil palm rachis and chaff of forage oats. Commercial mycelial P. ostreatus (CP-50) was used and the culture was grown under controlled conditions. Extractions of total lipids in the mushrooms are made with the method of Folch and analysis of methyl esters of fatty acids was performed by GC-FID. Results. The total lipid concentration was expressed as the mean ± SD of three replicates. There was a higher concentration of total lipids (2.40 ± 0.09 %) at the substrate used with oil palm rachis in 96 %. In the fraction of major fatty acids of all treatments there was presence of palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid (values close to 70%). Conclusion. The increased concentration of total lipids in P. ostreatus, was influenced by the characteristics of the substrate prepared with oil palm rachis whose composition had higher lipid content; and the high concentration of linoleic acid in mushrooms of all treatments.
Actitudes Ambientales en Residentes de Santander, Cuidado de la Riqueza Natural y Turismo Sostenible.
(Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Editorial Lasallista., 2022) Daza Ríos, Cindy Tatiana; Bautista Niño, Paula Katherine
Las actitudes pro-ambientales se han asociado con los comportamientos pro-ambientales, estos comportamientos son necesarios para promover el cuidado del capital natural y contribuir al turismo sostenible. Objetivo: diagnosticar las actitudes ambientales de residentes en Santander, Colombia; con el fin de generar conocimiento, que permita el diseño de estrategias desde el sector turismo, lo anterior considerando a los residentes como parte interesada fundamental para el sector; debido al impacto de sus comportamientos en el capital natural que es necesario para poder desarrollar actividades turísticas Materiales y Métodos: para recolectar la información sobre actitudes ambientales se utilizó el cuestionario Nuevo paradigma ecológico versión español modificado por el Dr. Emilio Moyano previa autorización Resultados los resultados encontrados muestran una visión conciliadora entre desarrollo y cuidado del medio ambiente. Conclusiones: finalmente, para el análisis de los datos se usó la prueba de X2, los resultados mostraron que en la muestra estudiada no existe relación entre ser hombre o mujer y las actitudes ambientales.
Adopción y procreación humana asistida homoparental en Colombia: problemas a la bioética y reflexiones del bioderecho
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2014) Zárate Cuello, Amparo de Jesús
A collateral finding from the research work “Analysis of homosexual matrimony from biolaw, bioethics and public biopolicies in Colombia: legislation compared to those from Holland and Spain” is introduced, aiming to establish the implications the egalitarian homosexual matrimony would have. The idea is to show the challenges for the nuclear family´s structure, comprised by a father and a mother, when a homoparental family structure appears as a result of the different modalities of polyamorous relationships, supported by the techno-scientific progress that allows the selection of human embryos for assisted human procreation with the in-vitro techni-ques. The article also approaches the adoption of children, a subject that brings bioethical dilemmas and reflec-tions from biolaw about the transformation of the juridical order of nuclear families.
Adsorción de azul de metileno sobre cascarilla de arroz
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2012) Moreno, Anderson; Figueroa, Danilo; Hormaza, Angelina
Introduction. The contamination produced by the download of industrial effluents, especially from textile, food and paint industries, not only affects ecosystems due to its aesthetic degradation, but, above all, to the reduction of photosynthetic processes. Dyes, due to their aromatic structure, are characterized by their difficult and slow degradation, thus generating accumulations and becoming a contamination source that can even be carcinogenic for some molecules. Adsorption on agricultural wastes appears as an innovative alternative, environmentally favorable and very efficient to treat those dyed effluents. Objective. To find the conditions which allow an efficient removal of the methylene blue dye on rice hulls by the use of the statistical design of experiments and compositionally and structurally analyze the adsorbent material. Materials and methods. The best conditions of the adsorption process were determined under a discontinuous system, evaluating an interval of the variables pH value, dosage of the adsorbent, dye concentration and contact time. The temperature, the agitation and the size of the particles were constant. The dye content was quantified by the use of Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry. Results. A maximum removal of 99% was obtained at pH 9.0, 3.5 mgL-1dosage, 10 mgL-1of concentration and 163 minutes of contact time, with a good adjustment to the statistical models (R2 = 0.92) and with no bias in the measuring. Conclusions. The statistical design was useful to establish the conditions necessary to achieve a high efficiency to remove the methylene blue dye on rice hulls. It also proved that this agricultural waste is a remarkable material to scale the process in a later phase.
Un Algoritmo Híbrido para la solución del Problema Job Shop Considerando Eficiencia Energética.
(Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Editorial Lasallista., 2022) Torres Cárdenas, Fabián Alexander; Lozano Suárez, Lina Mayerly; Sanabria Ruiz, Víctor Alfonso
La presente investigación aborda un problema bi-objetivo, el clásico de la programación de la producción de sistema tipo taller Job Shop Scheduling con la extensión de eficiencia energética el cual busca minimizar el makespan y el consumo de energía. En este, se manejan maquinas fijas por operaciones, se producen variaciones en el consumo de energía y tiempo de procesamiento dependientes de la velocidad, lo cual se asemeja a ambientes reales presentes en las industrias. Este problema es considerado NP-Hard debido a su complejidad computacional. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es diseñar un algoritmo híbrido para la solución con el fin de minimizar el tiempo computacional y establecer la mejor secuencia y asignación de velocidades buscando reducir el tiempo de finalización de la última tarea (Makespan) y el consumo de energía. Materiales y métodos: El enfoque de investigación es cuantitativo de tipo Investigación aplicada tecnológica dado a que sirve para generar conocimientos que se puedan poner en práctica en el sector productivo, con el fin de impulsar un impacto positivo en la vida cotidiana. Resultados: El algoritmo propuesto se evaluó con problemas benchmarking de la literatura logrando un buen rendimiento en términos computacionales. Conclusiones: El algoritmo Recocido Simulado mejoró los resultados obtenidos por el algoritmo genético siendo la unión de los dos una buena alternativa para la solución del problema.
Algunas variables para la evaluación de tecnologías aislantes óptimas en la implementación en cajas refrigerantes portátiles. Corporación Universitaria Lasallista
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Zúñiga, Ana Cristina; Sáenz Tejada, Gilmar; Gómez Gómez, Luis Felipe; Cañas, Steven Ángel
Introduction. Transportation of perishable products is a topic deserving to be investigated with the purpose of providing elements to small and mediumsized companies for improving their logistic chain in national and international transportation. Objective. Show results derived from the analysis of variables used in the design of a refrigerant box for transporting biologicals. Materials and methods. This work is submitted as an original article resulting from the research generated in La Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, in the frame of the project “Strengthening of transfer, trading, and technologies valuation capacities,” financed by Innpulsa Colombia in the year 2015. Results. The work provides an analysis of alternative technologies, as well as a synthesis of some characteristics of the technology developed, in order to satisfy the needs of the market. Conclusion. The result of the research provides information about adequate variables for the design and optimization of the technology in order to obtain the appropriate balance among conservation, traceability and autonomy.
Alternativa para la segregación de residuos químicos generados en el Laboratorio de Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria de la Universidad del Cauca
(2007) Mera Benavides, Adriana Consuelo; Andrade Vivas, Bárbara; Ortiz Sarria, Mauricio Fernando
Introduction. Universities with chemical analysis laboratories manage, of course, chemical substances and make diverse operations that generate residues which are, in most of the cases, dangerous for human health and the environment. Objective. To achieve an adequate segregation of the residues generated in the Environmental and Sanitary Engineering laboratory of the University of the Cauca. Materials and methods. In order to establish this new classification alternative, several activities were done, among them a wide bibliographical research and an analysis of experiences, activities developed in the laboratory, clarity in the moment of the segregation, easiness of recovering and reuse of waste, among others. Results. the outlined alternative classifies and gathers the chemical waste inside the laboratory in groups and subgroups according to each practice or laboratory activity to be developed during the semester. Conclusion. the outlined alternative allows gathering, in an appropriate way, the residuals generated in laboratory practices, allowing its easy recovery and potential reuse. It also facilitates to identify dangerous and not dangerous residues and, with the application of this alternative, several useful assets have been recovered such as: copper sulphate, potassium chromate, ethanol, disinfectant solutions, saline solutions, acid- base solutions, silicon dioxide, manganese, dioxide and sulphur.
Alternativas de producción más limpia en calidad del aire para el sector alfarero, Sogamoso (Boyacá)
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Editorial Lasallista., 2020) Rocha Gil, Biviana Esperanza; Echeverri Rubio, Alejandro
Cleaner production is a preventive and integrated environmental strategy in production processes, products and services, to reduce risks to humans and the environment. An activity that requires the formulation of this type of alternative is pottery production, since its dynamics generate effects in the atmosphere. Objective: To formulate cleaner production alternatives in air quality for the pottery sector of the Pantanitos district, Sogamoso-Boyacá. Materials and Methods: Data were verified in the field to elaborate a process diagram and a structured survey was applied on legal, technical, technological, financial and environmental aspects. For the formulation of the cleaner production program, an analysis matrix was prepared with strategies to prioritize viability for the sector. Results: 1 hive type oven and 55 conventional ovens were registered, with characteristics of family economy. de financiamiento son las estrategias incluidas en el programa de producción más limpia en calidad del aire a partir de proyectos, metas y objetivos que presentan viabilidad para el sector alfarero de la vereda Pantanitos, Sogamoso-Boyacá.Palabras clave: Producción limpia, calidad del aire, producción sostenible, desarrollo sostenible.Cleaner production alternatives in air quality for the pottery sector, Sogamoso (Boyacá)ABSTRACTStrategies oriented to technological management, participation in national, regional and local government programs, sustainable consumption, environmental self-management, tax benefits, optimization and improvement of business processes, environmental certifications and financing lines were identified as base tools for program formulation. cleaner production, considering the technical, economic, financial and environmental potential. Conclusions: Technological management, environmental self-management, tax benefits and financing lines are the strategies included in the cleaner air quality production program based on projects, goals and objectives that present viability for the pottery sector of the Pantanitos district, Sogamoso-Boyacá
Análisis comparativo de los planes de gestión de residuos sólidos de Bogotá D.C y Ciudad de México.
(Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Editorial Lasallista., 2022) Rodríguez Díaz, Andrés; Díaz Mendoza, Claudia; Pasqualino, Jorgelina; Bahamón Restrepo, Andrés
Ciudad de México cuenta con aproximadamente 8’918.853 habitantes que generan en promedio 12.893 ton/día, mientras que Bogotá, con más de 7’412.516 habitantes genera un aproximado de 7.200 ton/ día. Objetivo. Realizar un análisis comparativo entre los planes de gestión de residuos sólidos de Ciudad de México con relación a Bogotá, resaltando semejanzas, diferencias, fortalezas y debilidades. Materiales y métodos. El método de esta investigación está fundamentado en una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos, y documentos correspondientes a la legislación de cada país, comparando aspectos como población, generación de residuos, separación en la fuente, recolección, transferencia y disposición final. Resultados. Entre los principales aciertos encontrados en ambas ciudades se destacan la nueva implementación de planes basura cero, reciclaje, cobertura de las empresas prestadoras del servicio de aseo, todo con miras en la reducción de la cantidad de residuos depositados en los rellenos sanitarios. El aumento de la separación en el origen, a pesar de ser bajo, es un punto a favor; el transporte de residuos es regular, pero se identificó que en ambas ciudades cubre la mayor parte de la extensión territorial lo que contribuye a la reducción de focos urbanos de depósito ilegal de residuos. Conclusiones. Ambas ciudades presentan puntos fuertes como el proceso de recolección y transferencia en Ciudad de México y reciclaje en Bogotá. Entre los aspectos de mejora la separación en la fuente necesita ser fomentada, el transporte de residuos necesita ser tecnificado y renovado en Ciudad de México, e implementado de mejor manera en Bogotá.
Análisis de calidad de agua de la quebrada La Ayurá con base en variables fisicoquímicas y macroinvertebrados acuáticos
(Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, 2009) Valverde Legarda, Nubia Lucía; Caicedo Quintero, Orlando; Aguirre Ramírez, Néstor Jaime
Introduction. The analysis of physical and chemical variables and the use of macro invertebrates as witnesses of the quality of water are complementary methods in the evaluation processes for environmental conditions. The reason for the use of these micro organisms as indicators is based mainly on their life cycles, which are longer than those of other aquatic inferior organisms. Besides, macro invertebrates present lower mobility levels. The idea is, by the use of the physical and chemical variables, the aquatic macro invertebrates and quality indexes, to prevent the contamination of water, with cleaner production strategies that reduce environmental negative impacts. Objective. To determine the quality of water from the Ayurá creek, by the analysis of physical and chemical variables and the community of aquatic macro invertebrates. Materials ad methods. In November 2007 and January and February 2008, samples were taken from three stations located in the high, medium and low parts of the creek. In each station the physical/chemical variables were measured, and samples of macro invertebrates were taken with the Surber net. Results. A total number of 1655 organisms, distributed in 59 taxa, were counted. From them, the most abundant were Leptonema, Haplotaxida and Baetodes. The space behavior of electric conductivity, turbidity, total alkalinity and solids dissolved keeps a close relation with the ecophysiological characteristics of aquatic macro invertebrates. Conclusion. In station 1there was a good quality of the water and in stations 2 and 3 that quality was considered between good and medium. The highest deterioration took place in station 3, as a consequence of the pouring of external waste water into the creek and the presence of solid wastes near the sampling stations.
Análisis de consumos y costos eléctricos de producción por producto en una industria licorera
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Editorial Lasallista., 2020) Portillo Ramos, Rosa Estefany; Segura, Juan Manuel; Flórez Marulanda, Juan Fernando
Introduction. This article develops a method to estimate electricity costs per production units in an industry, based on ISO 50002 and ISA 5.1 and ISA 88.1 standards.Objective. Finding indicators to relate energyconsumption with production levels.Materials and methods. The method consists of eightsteps: definition of objectives, collection of historical data, definition of areas of interest,performance of the census of load, executionof measurement, fieldwork, calculations and results and analysis. It was applied in a liquorindustry in Popayán Colombia, where the electricity cost per product was estimatedassigning 80% of the total consumed to the production area. Results. With the applicationof the method the amount of energy needed to produce a brandy unit in different presentationswas found; in the production area, energyconsumption is fluctuating every month,but its average is 22% of the total invoicedduring the period studied.Conclusions. The theoretical energy estimation has an error of 2.4% compared to the measuring equipment,so the method developed is appropriate for practical implementation.
Análisis de costos de la electrocoagulación de aguas residuales de la industria láctea
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2012-08-09) Arango Ruiz, Álvaro de Jesús; Garcés Giraldo, Luís Fernando; Molina Gallo, Sara; Piedrahita Arias, Jaime Sebastián
Introduction. Waste Waters from the Dairy industries are highly loaded with organic matter (DQO- Chemical Oxygen Demand in Spanish- and fat). These pollutants have a considerable impact on the environment, especially on water. Electrocoagulation is a process that has being developed recently and is an alternative for treating waste waters from the dairy industries, offering advantages in comparison to the traditional technologies. Objective. To calculate the costs of implementing and operating electrocoagulation in a dairy industry, and comparing them with those from chemical coagulation. Materials and methods. The waste water from a dairy industry was treated by using electrocoagulation, using a bach process in order to find better conditions to remove its DQO and fat pollutants. Later, the waters were treated continuously, according to the response variables measured (percentages of removal of DQO, oils and fat), with these results. The process was escalated and the costs of implementation and operation were compared to those from chemical coagulation. Results. The operative costs of electrocoagulation are 80,75% of the operative costs of chemical electrocoagulation, and the implementation costs of electrocoagulation are half the costs of chemical electrocoagulation. Conclusion. Electrocoagulation shows itself as an efficient treatment both technical and economically, for removing pollutants from waste water in dairy industries.
Análisis de la contaminación microbiológica en el río Combeima, municipio de Ibagué (Tolima, Colombia)
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2015-07) Montenegro, Aldemar Franco; Torres Pérez, Rosa Edith; Obando Bastidas, Jorge Alejandro
Introduction. The microbiological contamination level in the Combeima river. Objective. Was determined in order to analyze its potential risks for being consumed by humans, for recreation and other uses. Materials and methods. From reports of monthly average of total and fecal coliforms, by samplings performed in the intake of its aqueduct system between 2008 and 2012, plus its correlation with the monthly average turbidity occurred. Besides, during 2014 and during dry and rainy seasons, water samples were taken in seven places located throughout the river, in the upstream of the aqueduct system´s intake. Results. The results obtained show high microbiological contamination in the time of the analysis and an evident increase downstream, until waters arrive to the aqueduct system, and the discharges of not treated waste waters are relevant, including those with fecal coliforms from rural houses and from livestock activities, especially pig and poultry breeding. Besides, the changes in the river´s turbidity influenced, mainly, the total concentrations of coliforms, but were not relevant in the fecal ones. Conclusion. In 2014, the dry season had a bigger microbiological contamination compared to the rainy one, thus being more hazardous for human consumption.
Análisis de la gestión de calidad de los procesos en las empresas de reciclaje de la ciudad de Bogotá: Revisión de la literatura.
(Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Editorial Lasallista., 2022) Cervera Muñoz, Arcadio
Este articulo presenta los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica a la producción intelectual nacional asociada a la exploración en la gestión de calidad de los procesos en las empresas de reciclaje en la ciudad de Bogotá y teniendo en cuenta como hay elementos que están directamente relacionados entre sí con la implementación de la calidad. En específico, y a partir de dicha revisión, se establecen las características de los objetos de estudio de las investigaciones y se presenta el cómo están manejando los procesos en este tipo de empresas. Al concluir, se tiene que estas empresas manejan muy informalmente sus procesos de interacción entre los clientes internos y externos haciendo que el aprovechamiento que se hace de los recursos no sea el adecuado y por consiguiente la productividad sea muy baja; al mismo tiempo dejan de ser competitivas e innovadoras resignando las oportunidades de negocio que existen.
Análisis de la inclusión de aspectos ambientales en microempresas agroindustriales de la ciudad de Villavicencio, Colombia
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Vargas Pineda, Óscar Iván; Trujillo González, Juan Manuel; Torres Mora, Marco Aurelio
Introduction. The growth of agro-industrial sector is important bearing in mind the increase of micro companies of this sector, but, no matter their size, these micro companies are also responsible for generating wastes and using a large amount of water and electricity in their processes. Furthermore, it is necessary to implement cleaner production strategies, which are able to reduce impacts generated to the environment as a result of these type of activities. Objectives. To analyze the inclusion of environmental factors in agro-industrial micro companies in Villavicencio city. Materials and methods. Ten micro companies in Villavicencio city were analyzed and an environmental diagnosis methodology was applied with focused on a cleaner production. This diagnosis focused on analyzing the location in relation to Territorial Ordering Plan and factors of Energy use, Water use, Wastes and norms and licensing in micro companies. Results. 70 % of micro companies was duly located in relation to Territorial Ordering Plan; in relation to the use of energy and water there are few preventive measures generated for reducing or improving the pressure to these resources. In relation to wastes, norms and licensing, there are difficulties caused by the lack of knowledge of management mechanisms of the same. Conclusions. Implementation of cleaner production strategies in micro companies is difficult due to their low investment in preventive actions, bearing in mind that their competitiveness may be at risk.
Análisis de la resiliencia en la producción avícola a nivel mundial mediante curva de Kuznets
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Editorial Lasallista., 2019) Rengifo Palacios, Francia; Estrada Pareja, Mónica María; Calle Velásquez, Camilo Alberto; Galeano Vasco, Luis Fernando
Introduction. This study proves how poultry sector growth is linked to the production of polluting emissions and enriches the discussion about the environmental recovery capacity of productive systems. Objective. To detect possible factors that influence environmental recovery, and to design resilient production models. Materials and methods. By applying the Environmental Kuznets Curve model, the relationship existing between N2O emissions from the poultry manure management and the worldwide sector production between 1961 and 2014 is analyzed, identifying the countries that follow such model, which indicates that as production increases, emissions tend to decrease. To do so, FAOSTAT, World Food Bank and OECD data were used, which were studied by graphic analysis, quadratic model and multiple factor analysis for mixed dada, through the R Studio program. Results. Incomes and economic development, represented by the countries belonging to the OCDE, are one of the main factors that explain the relationship between emissions and productivity in resilient countries, that is, they presented a Kuznets Curve. Conclusions. These results pave the way for the argument about the particular conditions that cause this phenomenon to occur, one of which is the use of technology, which may increase efficiency in the use of resources, thereby allowing to minimize the poultry system externalities.
Análisis de la seguridad vial en instituciones educativas con múltiples sedes. Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Editorial Lasallista., 2019) Muñoz Torres, Diego Fernando; Lozano Pérez, Grace; Espinel de Segura, Blanca
Road safety in business and educational environments is being studied every day, due to the impacts it has on fundamental pillars such as human behaviour, institutional management, infrastructure, vehicles and victim care. Objective. Analyze the road safety status in higher education institutions with multiple locations based on current norms. Materials andmethods. Employing Resolution 1565 of 2014 of Colombia, road safety is diagnosed for the 2017-2018 cohort with a representative sample of 602 subjects. The instruments applied allowed establishing the baseline characteristics of the population. Tests of Chi square and Goodman-Kruskal-Tau were used in the study to analyze relationships. Results. Findings showed there is a relationship between the sociocultural variable position and acceptable road accidents (Chi-square 0.54, replicability of 0.604). In addition, it was found institutional management is insufficient, affecting the other factors and the perception of road safety. Conclusions. It is concluded the immediate intervention of educational institutions in society is necessary to generate better behavioral habits and safe behavior on the road, because road safety is transversal in any sociocultural context.
Análisis de las prácticas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en el manejo de las sustancias y productos químicos cancerígenos en los laboratorios del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano- ITM
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Editorial Lasallista., 2019) Mosquera Bonilla, Yiceth Carina; Narváez Benjumea, José Gonzalo
This article reports the results obtained in the evaluation and classification of substances and chemical products classified as carcinogenic according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in the laboratories of chemistry and construction of the Metropolitan Technological Institute–ITM. Objective: To analyze occupational health and safety practices in the handling of chemical substances and products classified as carcinogenic in the chemistry and construction laboratories of the Metropolitan Technological Institute–ITM. Materials and methods: To carry out the investigation, the inventory of reagents of the laboratories of the institution was reviewed, where IARC was used to classify the chemical substances and products cataloged as carcinogens. To determine the type of cancer produced by each substance, the Table of Occupational Diseases was used, regulated in Colombia by Decree No. 1447 of August 5, 2014, issued by the Ministry of Labor. Results: Among the main results, a total of 21 chemical substances cataloged as carcinogenic were found, 19 in the chemistry laboratory and 2 in the construction laboratory of the Robledo headquarters, determining at the same time the type of cancer that these substances could develop. Conclusions: Based on the table of occupational diseases in Colombia, it was possible to determine that the substances analyzed are effectively carcinogenic, and most of the substances determined as carcinogenic cause malignant neoplasm of bronchi and lung, in other words, bronchial cancer and lung cancer respectively.
Análisis de riesgos de la seguridad e higiene ocupacional durante el manejo de residuos sólidos y reciclaje de plástico polietileno
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2017) Ramos Ascue, Juan Diego; Baldeón Quispe, Wilfredo
Introduction. According to Pérez (2010) for each ton of waste generated by the consumption of any product, 25 tons of waste have been produced in the process of extraction of raw materials and manufacture of the product, which is why it is essential to perform a correct management of the residues taking into account the occupational safety and health risks that arise during the management. Objective. This paper identifies and evaluates occupational safety and health risks during the collection and segregation of solid waste as well as the conditioning, agglomeration and pelleting of recycled plastic. Materials and methods. The diagnosis of occupational safety was based on the registry of occupational accidents occurred in the period from July 2013 to June 2014, while the diagnosis in occupational hygiene was made from measurements of noise, illumination, thermal stress, vibration, particulate matter. Total and breathable, manual handling of load and repetitive work. Results. It identified 77 hazards to which the company’s workers are exposed. These hazards were assessed using the risk matrix developed by the Chilean Security Association (ACHS, 2009). Conclusion. The result of the evaluation reports that noise, total particulate matter and whole-body vibration are critical hazards, while manual handling of load, repetitive motion, heat and insufficient machinery protection are significant hazards. Almost all hazards with significant and critical risk are hazards of occupational hygiene, which implies that improvements must be made in the organization and infrastructure of the work environment as well as promoting a culture of accident prevention.

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