Revista Producción + Limpia

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Prevención y control de emisiones contaminantes generadas por motocicletas matriculadas en municipios de la jurisdicción del Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá
(Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, 2006) García Gómez, Jorge Alberto
Introduction. The Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley, as an environmental urban authority, made in the end of 2005 and the beginning of 2006 a campaign of vehicle emissions generated by motorcycles with two and four stroke engines. Such vehicles are not regulated by the national environmental laws and their impact on the air quality is really significant. This is done as a part of the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley´s mobile sources program. Objective. Collect information to contribute with the Ministry of Environment, Living and Territorial Development on the generation of technical data to determine the allowed emissions limit for the motorcycles commercialized in the country. Materials and methods. To make this study service centres and assemblers were hired to synchronize motorcycles with our emission monitoring unit. Then, the motorcycles were verified before and after the operation. 550 two and four stroke motorcycles were analyzed, and this equals 1100 gases emissions data before and after the synchronization. Results. The results of the campaign were sent to national authorities like IDEAM and the Ministry of Environment, Living and Territorial Development, to serve as a technical basis in the formulation of emission norms for motorcycles. Conclusion: Synchronizing the engines of motorcycles contributes to diminish their contaminant emissions. In four stroke engines, for instance, the reduction of CO can reach a 37% rate.
Sistema de Oxi-Combustión para hornos continuos
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Vega Pérez, Camilo
Introduction. Sumicol SA is an enterprise from the Corona Organization, which main objective is to provide competitive solutions to the ceramic industries related to construction, among others, by an accurate supply of materials made of not – metallic minerals, technical services and semi-elaborated products, with the quality standards required by their customers. Methodology. For the fabrication process of frits (raw material used for ceramic embellishment) continuous ovens are used. They used to work with fossil fuels but, thanks to the commitment of taking care of environment and looking for a reduction of emissions, a variety of solutions was proposed until the best choice was found. Thus, Sumicol SA made the change from the traditional combustion system with liquid fuel and air to a combustion technology with natural gas and pure oxygen. Results. According to the implementation of the oxy combustion system, a reduction in the emission of particulated materials and combustion gases in the atmosphere was achieved, and also a saving in the energy use and a reduction of the noise inside the facilities. Besides, $ 416.000.000 Colombian Pesos are saved annually. Conclusion. This way, the benefits of changing the thermal treatment to those that use cleaner fuels and the modernization of the oxidation technology increase the efficiency of the industrial production, while reducing the anthrophic interventions on the environment.
Producción más Limpia en la Industria Alimentaria
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Restrepo Gallego, Mauricio
Food industry, with its diverse segments, generates a lot of waste and has a big consumption of water. The principles of cleaner production have many applications in food industries. In fact, these principles are needed to ensure quality and productivity. In this article a description of the environmental effects of that industry is presented, then some strategies for development of cleaner production programs are exposed and, finally, there are two successful examples that show specific ways to achieve effective results.
Ordenamiento y manejo integral del territorio metropolitano del Valle de Aburrá, con énfasis en el recurso agua
(Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, 2006) Cardona Gallo, Margarita María
Hydric resources must be organized in such a way that their use and management can be planned and the activities of the consumers can be oriented and regulated, to maintain and establish an adequate balance between the economic exploitation and the preservation of the physical and biotical structure of those resources. By this strategy, policies will be defined in order to organize hydric resources in the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley, keeping in mind the physical problems which affect water and solving the necessities of this resource for human, industrial, mining and services supply, among others.
Uso de las bombas de calor de alta temperatura como alternativa para el uso racional de energía en la industria
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Toro López, Mauricio; Isaza Roldán, Cesar Alejandro; Chejne Janna, Farid
Heat bombs have been widely used to provide warmth to diverse environments. Nevertheless, when used at high temperatures they become an excellent alternative to recover waste heat in all kinds of industries. This work aims to expose the benefits of using high temperature bombs as an alternative for the rational use of energy, and also show a brief evaluation of possible applications in real processes from the national industries.
Minimización de Residuos: una política de gestión ambiental empresarial
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Cardona Gallo, Margarita María
There is a different way to produce the goods our society requires or not, by the efficient use of natural resources without waste remains that threat biodiversity and human health, and generating added value from an adequate environmental management. This alternative way to make goods is done by the use of new techniques of waste management, like, for instance, minimization. For this objective, it is necessary to adopt organizational and operative measurements which allow a diminution of waste and remains from industries to feasible levels, under economical and technical terms. The benefits obtained are not only for environment, they also allow the increase of quality of the products saving resources and improving the enterprise’s utilities. This represents a competitive advantage, due to the development of more environmentally amicable products, as a new marketing strategy.
Producción más limpia en la industria farmacéutica
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Jiménez Díaz, Margarita María; Amórtegui Ramírez, Angélica María
Introduction. Laproff Laboratories is a company founded in the Antioquia province, in 1959. Its mission is contributing to the health of the community through producing generic medicines. The labs are certified under the ISO 9001 and BPM quality systems. Methodology. An evaluation within the cleaner production program of the company was made and a number of projects were defined, among which we have solid waste management. This project aims to identify measure, valuate, prevent, correct and make good use of the disposal of that waste with the procedures and methods defined by the Aburrá Valley Metropolitan Area. The construction of the environmental indicators allows us to show how Laproff has contributed to lower the quantity of waste to be sent to the sanitary filling, accomplishing one of the goals agreed in the program. Results. A transformation was generated within the enterprise, with impacts such as change of technology, a quality increase of the production processes, new recycling programs, new education initiatives and new business ideas departing from research and development. Conclusion. Adopting the cleaner production program in Laproff Laboratories brought good results beyond the inner work of the enterprise, thus producing benefits to the community in general, the pharmaceutical sector and the country.
Cambio del proceso de decapado químico de acero por decapado mecánico
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Navarro Hernández, John Fredy
Introduction. Aceros Industriales S.A. is a company founded in 1977 and works on transforming in cold ferrous and non-ferrous materials (tefilation). They used, from the beginning of the company, the chemical stripping process, due to the fact that in that time it was the only technology available. Methodology. In 2005 Aceros Industriales S.A. makes the decision of getting a world level concerning its technology, by changing its productive system and acquiring equipments for shot blasting and decalamination of brushes, thus eliminating the chemical stripping. Results. By the mechanical stripping process, a decrease of environmental damage was achieved (diminishing in DQO and mud generation, among others), a better performance of the industrial process, the incorporation of industrial incomes diminished, maintenance and operation of the shot blasting and decalamination units got easier and a saving rate of 86 million of Colombian Pesos was achieved. Conclusion. This situation showed us that cleaner production opportunities are very important for the metal processing industries.
Fotodegradación sensibilizada con TiO2 del colorante rojo recoltive utilizando lámpara de luz UV
(Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, 2006) Garcés Giraldo, Luís Fernando; Hernández Ángel, Marta Lucía; Peñuela Mesa, Gustavo Antonio; Rodríguez Restrepo, Alejandra; Salazar Palacio, Julián Andrés
Introduction. In textile industry there is a big production of waste water coming from all processes and it is difficult to be treated worldwide. Currently, research works are being made, applying advanced oxidation processes among which we have homogeneous and heterogeneous photo catalysis. This term is understood as the process that uses ultra violet light and an inorganic and semi conductive solid material, to provoke a chemical transformation. Objective. To evaluate the photo degradation sensitized with titanium dioxide for the recoltive red dye, by using an ultra violet light lamp. Materials and Methods. Several rehearsals were made with a 100 mgL-1 concentrations of the recoltive red dye used in the textile industry. It was also put under photo catalysis processes with an ultra violet lamp. Using TiO2 as a catalyst and H2O2 as an oxidant, we aim to identify the conditions under which this process is most effective. The rehearsals were made three times each, always with a joint pH control. The parameters measured were the dye degradation percentage and the mineralization, keeping in mind that the substances produced must be those less polluting. A twolevel experimental factorial design was applied to the data obtained, with interaction between the photo catalyst and the oxidant agent. Results. The rehearsals with a higher degradation percentage and a faster reaction are for the titanium dioxide with hydrogen peroxide under the following concentrations: 100 mgL-1 TiO2 and 2% of H2O2 for a 96% degradation and 0 of TiO2 and 2% v/v of H2O2 for a final degradation of 93%. Conclusions. The effect, when the titanium dioxide concentration is increased, is a higher degradation of the recoltive red dye. This ratifies the fact that the increase of the TiO2 allows that more active points exist to generate hydroxyl radicals and, therefore, a higher possibility of augmenting the degradation and mineralization percentages.
Recuperación de NaOH yH2SO4 en el anodizado de aluminio. Una oportunidad económica y ambiental
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Jaramillo Zapata, Leyla Yamile
Introduction. In the galvanoplasty sector, the aluminium anodizing process is one of the most critical in environmental impact terms. Objective. To describe the opportunities of cleaner production for the aluminium anodizing process. Materials and Methods.To recover NaOH we analyzed three technologies: Ionic exchange, crystallization and precipitation, which were all taken into account due to past international successful experiences. Pilot tests and laboratory tests were made, determining that ionic exchange does not offer technical satisfactory results and that feasible options are crystallization and aluminium precipitation. To recover H2SO4 from the anodizing bath, ionic exchange was explored as an alternative, obtaining technical and economical satisfactory results. Results. The economical benefits of implementing these technologies are related to diminishing the costs generated by the consuming of caustic soda and sulphuric acid, a better control of processes, constant operation conditions and a longer time of usefulness of the baths. Environmental benefits are the optimization of the use of caustic soda, a lower sulphate discharging less consuming of water and energy and a better generation of the metallic mud coming from the waste water treatment done after the process. Conclusion. The proposed system provides a potential save of water which can be gradually increased if the appropriate acid concentrations in the bath are kept.
Índice de Calidad del aire para el Valle de Aburrá
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Toro Gómez, María Victoria; Marín Laverde, Andrea Viviana
This article describes the importance and application of the air quality index (AQI) for the Aburrá valley, used by the Air Quality Monitoring Network. This organization works on defining effective tools to make choices concerning the atmospheric contamination rates generated in its influence area. The methodology used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was taken and adapted, given the fact that they have developed several versions of AQI for different applications. The importance of developing and applying AQI is evident when the effects of contaminants and concentrations generated by economic and social developments in a region are accounted.
Relación entre la concentración de partículas totales y respirables
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2006) Toro Gómez, María Victoria; Marín Calderón, Adriana Viviana
Introduction. The information provided by the Air Quality Monitoring Network of the Aburrá Valley is fundamental to focus the efforts made to diminish the atmosphere’s contamination levels, by using cleaner production means. Not only is this a priority for the mentioned region, but for the whole world. Objective. To evaluate the relationship between two air quality indexes: Concentration of total and breathable particles. Materials and methods. Equipments for both kinds of particles were located in two stations in Medellín, at the Guayabal ) neighborhood (San Fernando water treatment plant and the downtown (Miguel de Aguinaga) and their correlation indexes were determined. Results. Both stations got R2 indexes above 0.78 for the interaction between the analyzed contaminants. Conclusion. For the Aburrá Valley’s case it is very important to adequate and develop a correlation model, due to the fact that, currently, the Air Quality Monitoring Network for this region makes measurements of total particles in all of its monitoring stations and only three of them can measure breathable particles. Therefore, this mathematical approach benefits the establishment f the breathable particles index from the data obtained when measuring total particles.
Desarrollo sostenible en los esmaltes arquitectónicos de vanguardia
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2007) Ospina Orozco, Pablo Cesar; Jiménez Madrigal, William
By controlling the volatile organic compounds (VOC) we aim to reduce the dependence on oil products, more scarce and expensive every day, and contribute to solve the problem of the ozone layer and the contaminating gases Controlling such emissions has become a part of our culture and is nowadays a very important issue that currently motivates new industrial developments.
Evolución ecológica de los productos químicos utilizados en la industria del cuero
(2007) Duque Vanegas, Oscar
In this work we describe the development and adaptation achieved by the leather industry, especially concerning the change of concept in its production process, in which the tendency is currently the innovation, development and modifications to that process in order to increase the competitiveness of the sector and the reduction of its environmental impacts by using amicable chemical products. By implementing these cleaner production measurements we contribute to provide better life conditions to the current and future generations.
Los biosólidos: ¿una solución o un problema?
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2007) Vélez Zuluaga, Juan Alberto
Treating urban waste waters in treatment plants is a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes that generate great volumes of organic mud, which are very putrescible. To ease the handling of these, they are thickened, digested and dehydrated, thus becoming biosolids. Their later use, care and environmental restrictions will depend on the concentration of heavy metals, toxic pollutants and pathogen organisms. The persistence of some metals and their magnification with risks for human and environmental health, require an active surveillance of all of the processes that involve their use and final disposal.
Implementación del Protocolo de Montreal en Colombia
(Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, 2007) Stavro Tirado, Xiomara Ibeth
The depletion of the ozone layer, as a product of industrial activities and the use of certain substances in commercial and domestic matters, is the first great environmental problem mankind has had to acknowledge as the consequence of the technological and economical development of our society. International agreements intended to recover and protect the ozone layer –the Viena Agreement and the Montreal Protocol- must be seen as a triumph of international diplomacy, because they were able to achieve a consensus covering the interests of producers, industries, developed countries, underdeveloped countries and consumers, in general.
Implementación del plan de manejo integral de residuos sólidos en Coservicios S.A.
(Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, 2007) Londoño Benítez, Lina María; Arango Ruiz, Álvaro de Jesús
Introduction. COSERVICIOS S.A. founded in 1965 is a company from the construction sector, devoted to the production of elevators. This company, with a concern about increasing its environmental behaviour, facilitated the space for a detailed environmental study for all of its processes, and it became a very important tool for its integral plan for the management of solid waste. Materials and methods: An environmental study to diagnose and develop all the activities necessary for reducing the identified environmental impacts, focussing, in first place, on dangerous and not dangerous solid waste, given the fact that they are generate in the production processes and create traumatic situations in them. Results: By implementing the plan, everybody in the company changed their attitudes towards the management of waste materials, a better use of resources and a more organized way to organize the production processes. Conclusions: Implementing this plan in COSERVICIOS S.A. created a new consciousness and changes in the way they face environmental issues and cleaner production.
Tratamiento de aguas residuales de la industria láctea
(Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, 2007) Arango Ruiz, Álvaro de Jesús; Garcés Giraldo, Luís Fernando
Introduction. Milk industries generates lots of waste waters, accumulating in them the highest quantities of pollutants resulting from their processes. These waste waters content much organic matter, specially fat and oils. They also contain solid materials in suspension and pH values beyond acceptable rates for pouring. Electrocoagulation is a process that has been being developed in recent years and has been an alternative to treat waste waters from milk industries, offering many advantages when compared to traditional technologies. Objective. To study the application of electrocoagulation to treat waste waters from milk industries. Materials and methods. Waste waters were traeted with the electrocoagulation process by the use of an experimental factorial design 3X2X3, which obeys to pH variations, current density and treatment time. The response variables measured were removal percentages of COD, and fats and oils. Results. COD removals had a 94% value and fats and oils had a 99% measurement, at an acid pH and at a treatment time of 15 minutes. Conclusion. Electrocoagulation can be seen as an efficient treatment to remove pollutants from waste waters coming from industries, specifically from milk industries, like in the case of our research.
Gestión y certificación agroambiental: camino a la sustentabilidad de la floricultura
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2007) Álvarez Hincapié, Carlos Federico; Acevedo Aponte, Julián; Hernández Ceballos, Arley Camilo; Piedrahita Arias, Jaime Sebastián
Looking for safe and environmentally respectful products, retailers and manufacturers became more interested in the use of “sustainable” methods. In the agricultural production this includes diverse concepts like integral farms, none or minimum pesticide use, environmental sensitivity, long term soil management, as well as preoccupations related to the worker dignity, health, and well-being. The Colombian floriculture represents one of the main agricultural sectors for the country, due to its employment generation and external money incoming, but its production can entail diverse ecological and social problems. It is here where the management systems and environmental certification work. The management is related to a process of continuous improvement through the planning, the implementation of good practices, the elaboration of protocols, registries and revision. In the floriculture there are different certification systems like EurepGAP-GAP, MPS, FLP and the Rainforest Alliance, among others. In Colombia the program Florverde, by Asocolflores, is remarkable. These systems present differences and similarities in their approaches and demands, but in general they can be related with the search of a greater sustainability on the flower production. Nevertheless, its sole implementation does not guarantee sustainability.
Programa para el mejoramiento de la calidad del aire en el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá Contrato 158 de 2005
(Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, 2007) Toro Gómez, María Victoria; Marín Calderón, Andrea Viviana
In the following article we show the Program for the Protection and Control of the Ar Quality from the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley, designed primarily in 1998 by the universities of Antioquia, Pontificia Bolivariana and Politécnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid, and, afterwards, developed and adjusted by the Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá. This program has been the basis for the progress of several research and consulting works made by the AMVA, among which we have the monitoring of the air quality. We show ere a brief of its design, current way to work out, description of the stations, results obtained since 1993 and the projects developed aiming to get tools for the making of choices and the elaboration of programs to reduce air and atmospheric pollution, in order to increase life quality among the inhabitants of the region.

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